Mongoose is a MongoDB object modeling tool designed to work in an asynchronous environment. Prior to 6.13.12, 7.8.13, 8.24.7, and 9.11.4, Mongoose can descend into inherited properties while loading database documents in init(), setting dotted paths in $__set, and merging update documents in utils.mergeClone. Attacker-controlled keys such as toString or valueOf can therefore cause Mongoose to write into shared built-in functions instead of an own property. A crafted document, Mixed path, non-strict document or subdocument, findOneAndReplace() replacement, chained update, or Query.prototype.merge() source can overwrite Object.prototype.toString.call, causing later queries on unrelated models