In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: io_uring/mpscq: disable preemption while pushing A push makes the node the new tail, and then links it to its predecessor. In between the queue isn't empty, but mpscq_pop() can't get at the node. The consumers deal with that by trying again, with a cond_resched() in the loop to give a preempted producer the chance to finish. cond_resched() doesn't do that if the consumer has a higher priority than the producer and both have to use the same CPU: producer (SCHED_OTHER) consumer (SCHED_FIFO), same CPU io_req_local_work_add() mpscq_push() prev = xchg(&q->tail, node) <preempted> io_cqring_wait() __io_run_local_work() again: cond_